陆地棉突变系高秆1号的生物学特性

Biological characteristics of a long-culm upland cotton mutant Gaogan 1

以陆地棉突变系高秆1号和正常株高野生型N089为试验材料,在棉花不同生育时期测量其株高、节间长、节间数、第一果枝节位高等表型性状。由结果推测,决定高秆突变系的株高主要是较高的第一果枝节位与较长的节间长度与节间数无特别关联。酶联免疫法分别测量高秆突变体和正常株高棉花棉籽中的激素含量,发现高秆1号的种胚中3种与促进生长有关的激素赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)、玉米素(ZR)含量都极显著高于正常株高的野生型N089,分别是其含量的236.8%、167.7%、279.1%,而生长抑制型激素脱落酸(ABA)含量则极显著地低于野生型,只有野生型的76.0%。对高秆1号和野生型倒3节间横、纵切片的细胞学观察结果表明,高秆1号纵向切面的细胞长度及细胞数目极显著地多于野生型,而横向切面细胞直径的大小在突变系与野生型之间并无明显差异。这从细胞学角度证明了高秆突变体植株的高秆化,是茎秆纵向区间细胞长度明显变长的结果。

In order to analyze the differences of biological characteristics between a long-culm upland cotton mu-tant Gaogan 1 and a wild-type normal height material N089, the plant height, internode length, height of the firstfruiting branch and internode number at different growth stages of cotton were measured. The results suggested that thefirst fruiting height and internode length contributed to the height of the tall mutant. Internode number did not affect theheight. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the contents of GA3 , IAA and ZR in seed embryos of Gaogan1 were 2.368 times, 1. 677 times and 2. 791 times greater than those in the wild type, respectively. However, ABAcontent was significantly lower than that in wild type, only accounting for seventy-six percent of wild type. Cytologicalobservation showed that the number and length of cells of vertical internodes in the mutant were significantly greaterthan those in the wild type, and there was no significant difference in transverse cell diameter between the mutant andthe wild type. Therefore, a conclusion could be drawnthat the increase of cell length and number in the stemlongitudinal sections might be responsible for the height-ened cotton plant.