神府东胜矿区煤炭开采对水资源的影响机制——以窟野河流域为例

Influence of coal mining on water resources:a case study in Kuye river basin

研究神府东胜矿区煤炭开采对水资源的影响机制,对于保护当地水资源及脆弱的生态环境具有重要意义。以窟野河为例,分析了煤炭开采对该流域水资源量与水质的影响机制,并计算出吨煤开采的基流损失量约为2.038 m3(1997—2005年)。研究结果表明,煤炭开采时形成的裂隙将萨拉乌苏组含水层中的水导入矿坑中,导致潜水由水平径流、排泄为主转化为以垂向渗漏为主,引发地下水位大幅下降,河流基流量减少以及泉流量衰减甚至干枯;煤炭开采使含水层中的水进入到矿坑,在物理作用和化学作用下形成硬度更大、矿化度更高的矿坑水,矿坑水排入河流后对河流造成污染。

Research on influence mechanism of coal mining on water resources is of great significance for the pro-tection of local water resources and the fragile ecological environments in Shenfu-Dongsheng coal field. In Kuye river watershed, as a case study, the influence mechanism of coal mining on the water quantity and quality was analyzed, and loss of the base flow of the river about 2.038 cubic meters per ton of coal from 1997 to 2005, was calculated. The results of the study showed that fractures caused by coal mining penetrated Salawusu Formation aquifer, water of the aquifer flowed into mining pits. In the end the movement of phreatic water changed from horizontal runoff and discharge into vertical seepage, inducing groundwater table to low in great amplitude, river base flow decreased, and its spring flow reduced even became dry. In addition, coal mining has made water of the aquifer flow into mining pits, under physical and chemical action, mining pit water with greater hardness and sa-linity has been formed, and then caused the river pollution if it discharges into rivers.