黄连山自然保护区黏菌的物种多样性

Species Diversity of Myxomycetes in Huanglian Mountain National Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province,China

为了探索中国热带地区森林生态系统中的黏菌物种多样性,选择云南黄连山国家自然保护区作为代表设置样地,调查研究了其中的黏菌物种组成和丰富度。从树皮基物和地面基物的湿室培养中获得6目8科16属47种黏菌,其中灰团网菌(Arcyria cinerea)是显著的优势种,相对多度高达18.07%。从地面基物和树皮基物上分别获得45和38种黏菌,地面基物上的黏菌物种丰富度高于树皮基物;地面基物和树皮基物上发生的黏菌物种多样性指数分别为4.81±0.65和4.59±0.03,但差异不显著(P>0.05),表明黄连山自然保护区的黏菌对发生所在基物的类型并无明显选择性。在雨季和旱季采集的基物上发生的黏菌物种多样性指数分别为3.78±0.05和4.58±0.02,且差异显著(P<0.05),表明旱季基物上黏菌孢子数更多。黄连山黏菌物种总的多样性指数为4.96,高于世界上其他热带自然保护区黏菌物种多样性指数,表明中国热带地区森林生态系统蕴藏着丰富的黏菌资源。

To explore species diversity of myxomycetes in tropical forest ecosystems in China, the Huanglian Mountain National Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province was set as a sample for investigation of composition and abundance of the myxomycetes therein. From samples of barks and ground substances, collected from the reserve and incubated in a moist chamber, a total of 47 species of myxomycete, belonging to 16 genera of 8 families in 6 orders, were obtained, Arcyria cinerea was the most dominant species with relative abundance reaching 18, 07%. From the ground substances 45 species were harvested and 38 from the barks, which obviously indicates that the ground substances are higher than the barks in myxomycetes species richness. Myxomycetes on the ground substrates were 4. 8l＋0. 65 in species diversity index and myx- omycetes on the barks were 4. 59_＋0. 03, of which the difference is not significant（P〉0. 05）. All these indicate that myxo- mycetes in the Huanglian Mountain Nature Reserve do not have any preference for substrate types. Species diversity index of myxomycetes also varied with season, from wet-season （3.78±0. 05） to dry-season （4. 58±0. 02）, and the difference was significant（P〈0. 05）, which indicates that substrates collected in dry-season had more myxomycete spores. The total species diversity index of the myxomycete in the Huanglian Mountain was 4.96, higher than those reported in tropical nature reserves in the other parts of the world, which indicates that the tropical forest ecosystem in China possesses a rich store of myxomycetes resources.