《琵琶记》中是非问句的类型与特点

Types and Characteristics of Yes-no Questions in Pipa Ji

《琵琶记》中是非问句根据疑问程度可分为询问句、测度问句、反诘问句三类。是非询问句大多数使用疑问标记,即疑问语气词"么"、"那"、"乎",其中近代汉语新兴的"么"用频最高。是非测度问句只使用近代汉语新兴的测度疑问副词"莫是"、"莫不"、"莫不是"、"敢"、"敢是",句末不使用疑问语气词"么"。是非反诘问句大多数使用疑问标记,即近代汉语新兴的反诘副词"终不然"、"难道"及古已有之的反诘副词"岂"、"可"。《琵琶记》中还有一类特殊的是非问句,属于句式糅合现象,其是由是非询问句与否定陈述句糅合而成的。

According to the interrogative level, the yes-no questions in Pipa Ji can be divided into the inquiring interrogative sentences, the guess interrogative sentences and the rhetorical sentences. Most yes -no questions use the question sign, namely interrogative mood words “me（么）”“na（那）”“hu（乎）”, among these the emerging modern Chinese “me（么）” is used with the highest frequency. The yes-no guess in-terrogative sentences only use the emerging modern Chinese measure interrogative adverb “moshi （莫是）” “mobu（莫不）”“mobushi（莫不是）”“gan（敢）” and “ganshi（敢是）” , the end of sentence don＇t use the doubt word “me （么）”. Most yes-no rhetorical sentences use question sign, namely the emerging modern Chinese rhetorical adverb “zhongburan （终不然）” “nandao（难道）” and the ancient existing rhetorical adverb “qi（岂）” “ke（可）”. There is also a special classification of yes-no questions in Pipa Ji, belonging sentence blend phenomenon, which is made by the blend of yes-no inquiring interrogative sentences and the negative declarative sentences.