中国高等教育对经济增长贡献率的分析比较

Comparative Analysis of the Contribution of China's Higher Education to Economic Growth

基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数构建模型,结合教育综合指数法,对中国高等教育对经济增长的贡献率进行测算,2001—2011年间,高等教育贡献率为3.62%,仅相当于世界主要发达国家20世纪70年代水平。进一步的比较分析表明,中国在高等教育毛入学率、人均受高等教育年限、生均高等教育支出、高等教育的研发队伍与科技产出等方面,与一些发达国家还存在较大差距,且各省域高等教育也呈现出发展不均衡现象。因此,要提高高等教育对经济增长贡献率,就必须继续提升高等教育的毛入学率,强化在职人员的岗位培训和专业教育,增加人均受高等教育年限,逐步加大高等教育投入,提升高等教育的研发水平,促进高等教育科技成果的转化,保障高等教育均衡发展。

Measured by the Cobb Douglas production function model and combined with the education comprehensive index method, the contribution of China＇s higher education to economic growth accoun ted for 3.62% from 2001 to 2011, which is only equal to that of the world＇s major developed countries in the 1970s. Further comparative analysis shows that China is still far behind some developed coun tries in the gross enrollment ratio and the number of years for of higher education per capita, expense on higher education, higher education research and development, the output of science and technology, etc. and that there is imbalance among provinces in higher education development. Therefore, to improve the contribution of the higher education to economic growth, we must continue to improve the gross enrollment ratio of higher education, strengthen on the-job personnel job training and professional education, expand the number of years for the higher education per capita, gradually increase the investment in higher education, enhance the level of research and development of higher education and promote the transformation of higher education of the scientific and technological achievements,and to guarantee the balanced development of the higher education.