美国公立大学教师工作满意度影响因素与提升策略——金融危机背景下对美国一所研究型公立大学的调查

Factors Affecting Faculty Job Satisfaction in American Public Universities and Strategies for Its Improvement:A Survey of an American Research-oriented Public University during the Financial Crisis

对21世纪初经济萧条时期美国公立大学教师的工作满意度进行调查,用定性定量混合型研究方法,采用Job In General(JIG)工作满意度调查问卷和开放型问题,调查了美国的一所研究型公立大学的218名教师,分析了他们的工作满意度水平和影响因素。分析发现:他们的工作满意度在这一时期普遍不高;尽管影响不同职称类型教师的工作满意度的因素有所不同,但低工资、高压力和低支持度是共同因素。此外,学校管理目标不清、管理不善、对教师要求的无偿服务多、过度看重科研基金、录取学生质量不高等也是影响因素。研究表明:提高工资是提高教师工作满意度的重要经济因素,但很多非经济因素同样可以有效地提高教师满意度,包括降低压力、提供更好的支持、给予应有的尊重、听取心声等。

By combining qualitative and quantitative research methods,this study examined American public university faculty job satisfaction during the financial crisis at the beginning of the 21st century.A total of 218 faculty members from a large,research-oriented,American public university completed a survey containing the Job In General(JIG)job satisfaction scale and two open-ended questions regarding factors that influence faculty job satisfaction and what can be done to improve faculty job satisfaction.The results indicated that the faculty members surveyed were generally not very satisfied with their jobs,and that although factors identified as determinants of job satisfaction differ somewhat among faculty of different rankings,three factors surfaced as being the most influential on job satisfaction across faculty of different rankings:low pay,high pressure, and poor support.Other factors identified were university's unclear administrative objectives,poor administration,too much required yet unpaid work,over emphasis on external funding and poor quality of students.It is concluded that while increasing salary can improve university faculty's job satisfaction,factors other than financial ones,such as relieving pressure,providing support,giving respect,and listening to faculty voices may also increase their job satisfaction.