黑龙江省人工观测与自动观测气象数据均一性检验

Homogeneity Test of Artificial and Automatic Meteorological Observation Data in Heilongjiang Province

由于人工观测与自动观测在仪器原理及观测方法上均有很大的不同,如何对2 种观测结果进行检验具有重要的现实意义.本文从检验原理及检验方法上进行了论述,并随机选取黑龙江省8 个观测站2005 年1 ～12 月每日02、08、14、20 时的平行观测资料,对所有观测要素的人工站和自动站观测结果进行检验.结果表明：人工观测结果和自动观测结果所有要素无显著差异率接近96% ,均一化水平较高.总体来看,黑龙江省人工站和自动站观测结果在冬、夏季均一性较差,要素间的差异较明显;春、秋季均一性较好,差异性较小.其中差异性要素冬季集中在相对湿度、浅层地温,夏季集中在地温、风速.此外,造成二者差异的原因主要体现在高纬度环境对观测仪器的影响、观测仪器与方法、人工观测误差与人工维护、观测时间等方面.如要进一步完善自动站观测结果,需要针对本省气候特点和影响差异性的原因做出调整和修订.

By 2006,the 1 904 automatic weather stations have been running in our country. Within the next few years,all artificial observation stations will be replaced by the automatic weather stations. How to test the observation data between automatic weather stations and conventional stations has important practical significance because of the obvious difference between them in the principles ofinstruments and the observational methods. Based on hourly parallel data of random 8 stations in Heilongjiang Province at 02：00,08：00,14：00 and 20：00 from January to December 2005,the homogeneity tests of meteorological elements including pressure,temperature,vapor pressure,relative humidity,cloud cover,visibility,precipitation,evaporation,snow,wind speed,shallow geotemperature,deep geotemperature and frozen depth from the artificial and automatic observation stations were done. Results show that the non- significance difference of all elements between the artificial observation and automatic observation was closely to 96% ,which indicated better homogeneity of them. On the whole,the elements of the artificial and automatic stations in Heilongjiang Province had a pooruniformity in winter and summer,the difference was obvious,while they were better in spring and autumn,among which the elementswith significant difference mainly focused on relative humidity and shallow ground temperature in winter and the ground temperature andwind speed,ground temperature in summer. In addition,the artificial and automatic observation elements at Mishan and Huachuan stations appeared a good uniformity,on the contrary,while they were worst at Mudanjiang station. The cause of the difference mainly reflected in the influence of high latitude environment on observation instruments,measurement instruments and measuring methods,artificial observation error and artificial maintenance and observation time,etc. To further perfect the automatic observation data,youmight need to adjust and revise them according to the local climate and the causes of difference.