从《论语》到《孟子》诗学观念的演变

Evolved Poetic Concept from The Analects to Mencius

四书之中《论语》《孟子》引诗说教颇为频繁,但是二者所谓"诗教"的目的和方式又不尽相同,孔门诗教"温柔敦厚",多是用诗"专对、达政、进德",具有一定的工具性,因此社会教化功能很强,颇受历代统治者喜爱。孟子诗教在此基础上有所创见,说教方式灵活多变,且引诗多于论诗,也不再局限于引诗为用,有时也把诗中所述看做是可信的事实,引诗致用,从而达到一定的实践求是效果,这不得不说是对孔子诗学的继承和发扬。

Of the Four Books, poems and sermons are frequently quoted in The Analects and Mencius, in which differentpurposes are shown and various ways adopted. Educational poems of Confucius tend to be gentle and soft, frequentlymentioning “national unity”, “good governance” and “social morality”. They are actually somewhat instrumental. Thus theyhave been fancied by generations of dominators because of their powerful social moralization function. With reference toConfucius, educational poems in Mencius have witnessed creative ideas. Educational ways are flexible and varied with morequotes than comments. And they are more than quotes. Poems quoted are for practical purposes and what they say areregarded as credible facts. Thus the effect of being practical and seeking truth have been achieved. Absolutely, this proves tobe the inheritance and development of Confucius poetry.