1961—2010年山西极端气温年均发生频率的时空特征分析

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Mean Annual Extreme Temperature Frequency in Shanxi Province During 1961-2010

利用山西省61个气象站点逐日最高温度、最低温度资料，采用百分位值定义法、Mann原Kendall突变检验法和Morlet小波变换等方法，分析了山西省近50 a极端温度事件年均发生频率的时空特征，结果表明：1961年以来，山西省极端高温事件年均发生频率呈显著增加趋势，趋势为6.1 d/10 a，与此同时，极端低温事件年均发生频率呈显著减少趋势，且极端气温事件的变化存在明显的区域差异；极端高温和极端低温年均发生频率均发生了突变现象，变化趋势均在20世纪90年代以来更加显著；极端高温和极端低温事件年均发生频率均呈显著波动变化，在整个研究期间极端高温存在5～6a、4～8a显著周期，极端低温存在4～5a显著周期。

Based on the 61 meteorological stations’ data of daily maximum temperature and minimum temperature in Shanxi province and using percentile values defineition method,Mann-Kendall mutationg test and wavelet analysis method,the spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme temperature events were studied for the recent 50 years in Shanxi Province. The results showed that annual extreme high temperature frequency have been increasing since 1961 and its trend was 6.1 d/10 a,while there was a decreasing trend in extreme low temperature frequency. Meantime, there were obvious spatial variations in both annual extreme high and low temperature frequency. For the recent 50 years,the abruptions were found in all stations in both annual extreme high and low temperature frequency and their trends were more significant since 1990s. In addition, fluctuation changes were found with a 5~6 years and 4~8 years period in annual extreme high temperature and 4~5 years period in low temperature.