参与式教学的基本技术

Basic Techniques in Participatory Teaching

为确保参与式教学的有效实施，教师必须掌握一些与传统课堂教学不同的教学手段和方法，从而将参与式教学的理论从“知识形态”转化为“操作形态”，落实“做什么”和“怎么做”的问题。笔者基于参与式教学理念，把旨在实施参与式教学的教学手段和方法统称为参与式教学技术。依据参与式教学的主体性、参与性、互动性、民主性、合作性、开放性、激励性、发展性和反思性等特征，基于成功的参与式课堂教学案例，这里重点介绍热身活动、生成技术、小组合作、启发探究这四类基本的教学技术。这些教学技术在课堂教学中可以灵活搭配使用，并不存在固定的操作顺序。

Participatory teaching is both a teaching philosophy and a teaching method.In terms of teaching philosophy,participatory teaching advocates student-centeredness,teacher-student equality and joint participation.In terms of teaching methodology,in the participatory teachings,both the teacher and the students are involved in the teaching activity,with the discussion of the academic issues and interaction and mutual improvements between the teacher and the students.The course objective must be made according to the curriculum criteria,studentslevels and needs.The success of the participatory teachings lies in the validity of the activities designed by the teacher and the strategy used to carry out the activity.The assessment of participatory teaching is to be done from the dimensions of participation patterns,activities,mastery of knowledge and learning evaluation.