水分利用效率与用水有效性:基于气孔视角的稳定同位素应用研究

Water-use efficiency and water use effectiveness: A stomatal perspective using stable isotopes

澳大利亚多年降水较少并且分布不均,同华北平原相似,水资源短缺是制约粮食生产和作物产量的限制因子,水资源消耗中,农业用水所占比例最大,提高植物(作物)的水分利用效率和用水有效性对于实现水资源和农业生产的可持续利用和发展具有重要意义。本文针对澳大利亚和华北平原的农业生产和水资源现状,基于植物气孔角度在以下3个方面进行论述:1水分利用效率与用水有效性的概念;2基于气孔视角的水分利用效率和用水有效性的分析;3不同作物品种水分利用状况的同位素判别与应用。除此之外,也对华北平原目前农业水分利用情况提出相应建议。

Rainfall is stochastic in Australia and always appears an uneven distribution. As in the North China Plain （NCP）, water shortage is the key limiting factor for the food production and crop yield. Agricultural water usage accounts for the largest proportion in the total water consumption. It is meaningful to improve the water-use efficiency and water use effectiveness of the plant/crop for the sustainable development of water resources and agricultural production. Based on the conditions of agricultural production and water shortage in Australia and the NCP, this research concerned the following three aspects from a stomatal perspective： first, the conception of water-use efficiency and water use effectiveness; secondly, research on the water-use efficiency in the stomatal scale; thirdly, the varieties differences of carbon stable isotope discrimination and transpiration rate. In addition, this paper also gave some advices on the agricultural water use in the NCP.