华北平原浅层地下水可持续利用潜力分析

Sustainable exploitable potential of shallow groundwater in the North China Plain

浅层地下水是华北平原最重要的水资源,对农业、经济和社会发展具有制约性作用。本文基于"华北平原地下水可持续利用调查评价"项目研究资料与成果,以行政区为单元,计算了华北平原浅层地下水开采资源量,评价了其资源潜力,在此基础上定性分析了浅层地下水的可持续利用潜力。研究结果表明,华北平原浅层地下水总开采资源量为202.94×108m3·a-1,开采资源模数为14.58×104m3·a-1·km-2,区域分布不均,呈西部山前平原及沿黄平原高、中东部平原低的规律。浅层地下水开采潜力系数为1.15,总体上采补平衡,开采潜力一般,但空间分布不均,最高值为滨州地区的5.16和天津地区的4.18,较低的为石家庄地区的0.72和廊坊地区的0.75。可持续利用潜力分析表明,华北平原浅层地下水已基本无开发利用潜力,尤其浅层淡水,局部地区超采现象严重,可持续利用潜力不容乐观;但微咸水、咸水开采潜力(较)大,其中河北平原咸水、微咸水开采资源潜力近35×108 m3·a-1,在开发利用技术条件允许的情况下可以进一步增大开发利用率,提高区内浅层地下水可持续利用潜力。该研究可为实现华北平原的水资源优化配置、农业与经济社会的可持续发展提供指导。

As the most important water resource in the North China Plain （NCP）, agricultural, economic and social development has heavily relied on shallow groundwater. Supported by data and results of the project of Investigation and Evaluation of Sustainable Utilization of Groundwater, the paper calculated the exploitable amount of shallow groundwater, and evaluated the exploitable potential and sustainable utilization potential of shallow groundwater in the NCP. The total exploitable amount of shallow groundwater in the NCP was 202.94 × 10^8m^3a^-1, with a modulus of 14.58 × 104 m3 a-1 km-2. Shallow groundwater was unevenly distributed in the NCP, abundant in the piedmont plain and along the Yellow River, and scarce in the middle and eastern plain regions. The estimated exploitable potential coefficient was 1.15, suggesting equilibrium between exploitation and recharge with high exploitable potential in the whole NCP region. But the exploitable potential distribution was very uneven, with the maximum value in Binzhou of Shandong Province （5.16）, followed by Tianjin （4.18）, and the minimum value in Shijiazhuang （0.72）, followed by Langfang （0.75） in Hebei Province. The evaluation results suggested that the exploitable potential of shallow groundwater was almost exhausted. Specifically, freshwater had been over-exploited in several sections with no sustainable utilization potential. On the contrary, some 35 × 10^8m^3a^-1 brackish water and saline water resources in the Hebei Plain alone could be exploited to improve sustainable utilization potential of shallow groundwater in the NCP. This, however, required solving the exploitation and utilization difficulties associated with saline water. This research provided guidance for optional water resources allocation and development of the agricultural, economic and social sectors in the NCP.