地球范围内相对论效应下的时间转移与同步

Relativistic Time Transfer and Synchronization in the Vicinity of the Earth

对于星载时间保持系统来说,相对论效应对时钟测量精度的影响不可忽视。该文运用相对论理论研究地球范围内大尺度时空转移引起的时钟测量误差问题。分析计算了星载时钟测量相对论效应误差组成和量级,验证了频率调整法和实时补偿法消除相对论误差的有效性。研究了普遍类型的地球轨道卫星、航空器以及月球探测器与地面时钟的转移与同步,提出在星载时钟频率调整分辨率不足时,可采取定步长时钟频率调整、带误差限的时钟频率调整或"跳秒"的形式控制时钟测量相对论效应长期误差,提出在无法实时获得航天器位置和速度时,可以根据互相关法预估周期误差。仿真验证了这些方法能有效地减小误差,为未来深空探测自主导航过程中时钟与地面时间的同步提供了方案。

For the space-borne timekeeping system, the relativistic effect has an important impact on the clock measurement accuracy. This paper introduces the relativistic theory into the research on wide range time-space transfer due to clock measurement error. The components and magnitudes of various relativistic effects for clocks are derived. Clock frequency adjusting and real-time periodic compensating are confirmed useful to eliminate relativistic effects. For time synchronization and transfer on common Earth-orbiting satellites, aircrafts and moon probes, an interval frequency adjustment, an improved error-restrict interval frequency adjustment and a leap seconds method are proposed to restrict secular relativistic effect errors when the clocks lack of frequency adjustable resolution, it is also proposed to predict periodic errors by building a cross correlation function when unable to get the clocks＇ real-time position and velocity. The simulations show that the analysis and proposed error eliminating methods are effective, and they be used to improve clock synchronization for the future deep space explore.