集体信念与集体意图辨析

Analysis of Collective Belief and Collective Intention

在区分"集体性意向"和"集体拥有的意向"的基础上,我们进一步分析集体意向的两种基本形态:集体信念和集体意图,认为二者都具有集体成员与意指对象的指向关系,但二者又有区别。集体信念可以化归为集体成员个体信念的合取,应归之于"集体拥有的个体性意向"。集体意图则以集体信念为条件,通过集体成员共同意愿的合作行动来实现,因而归之于"集体性意向",不可化归为个体意图的合取。要解释集体行为,仅有集体信念是不够的,必须要有集体意图。

Today there are some controversies on the issue ＂what is collective intention＂ in academia because of the vague definition of the collective intention. Based on the differentiation of the intention of collectivity and the intention owned by collective, we go ahead to analyze the two basic form, collective belief and collective intention, thinking that both of them have the directive relation between the collective members and the intentional objects while they are different. The collective beliefs could be reduced to the conjunction of the individual beliefs so that they can be ascribed to the individual intentions owned by the collective. On the condition of the collective beliefs, the collective intentions can be realized by the collective members＇ cooperation so that they can be ascribed to the intention of collectivity owned by the collective, but they can not be reduced to individual intentions. The collective beliefs are not sufficient to explain the collective action; therefore the collective intention is necessary.