不同施肥与耕作模式下紫色土坡地产流特征

Characteristics of Runoff Yielding on Purple Soil Slope Under Different Fertilization and Tillage Patterns

为了明确施肥与耕作对坡地产流特征的影响，以“冬小麦一夏玉米”种植模式为研究对象，设置对照（T0）、复合施用化肥与农家肥（T1）、单施化肥（T2）、单施化肥增加施肥量（T3）、单施化肥横坡垄作（T4）5种处理，采用径流小区观测法，对紫色土坡地2008--2012年产流特征进行了研究。结果表明，紫色土区产流降雨主要集中在5—9月，6月是产流降雨的峰值期，径流量与降雨量表现出相对一致的规律，产流量变化范围为9．57～100．36mm，径流系数变化范围为0．05～O．19；不同处理年均径流量和年均径流系数依次表现为：T0〉T3〉T2〉T1〉T4，施肥处理比对照处理径流量减少25．90％～47．50％，T4比T2减少25．46％，年降雨量与年径流量呈幂函数关系；方差分析表明，不同处理间年径流系数、年径流量差异达到显著水平，施肥、耕作和降雨是影响产流的主要因素。

To investigate the effects of fertilizing and tillage on characteristics of runoff yielding, the planta- tion mode ＂winter wheat--summer maize＂ was taken as the research object. Five treatments were set up, which were CK （To）, combined application of manure and fertilizer（T1 ）, chemical fertilizer（Tz）, chemical fertilizer with increasing fertilization（T3） and contour tillage with chemical fertilizer（T4）. The characteristics of runoff yielding were studied in runoff plots from 2008 to 2012. Results are as follows： Runoff induced rainfall occurred from May to September in the purple soil area, with the maximum runoff observed in June. Runoff was relatively consistent with rainfall. Runoff depths ranged from 9.57 to 100.36 mm and runoff co- efficients, from 0.05 to 0.19. Both average annual runoff depths and average annual runoff coefficients were presented in the order of T0〉T3〉T2〉T1 〉T4. The fertilization treatments reduced runoff by 25.90% to 47.50% as compared with the CK and T4 , by 25.46% as compared with T2. Annual rainfall in relation to annual runoff can be expressed by a power function. Differences in annual runoff and runoff coefficient between the treatments are significant according to variance analysis. Fertilization, tillage and rainfall are the main factors influencing runoff.