五陵塬边坡侵蚀地貌发育及其影响因素

Development and Impacts of Eroded Landform on Side Slope of Wuling Tableland

基于前人研究成果和对陕西省关中平原中部五陵塬边坡侵蚀地貌大量的实地考察，应用遥感卫星图像等信息资料，对五陵塬南、北缘侵蚀沟谷和黄土滑塌的发育状况进行考察和分析。研究表明，五陵塬南缘发育的河流高阶地前坎（高差8～30m的黄土崖）为窑洞聚落带，受坡面径流作用发育侵蚀沟谷和黄土坍塌；该塬边黄土窑洞带侵蚀沟谷的发育状况表现为东段密度较小，规模较大，西段反之。北缘河流高阶地前坎（高差30～90m的黄土崖）西段主要发育“群发性”黄土滑塌。东段侵蚀沟谷数量少，长度较大。五陵塬边坡侵蚀地貌的发育，主要受地质构造、地形条件、新构造运动、黄土岩性和结构、大气降水与农田灌溉以及人类活动等因素影响，并会对五陵塬周边人类居住安全，边坡水土流失，塬面文物古迹保护和西咸新区发展建设产生负面影响效应。

Based on previous research results and field tableland, in the Eastern Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi investigations of eroded landform on side slope of the Wuling Provinc remote sensing satellite images and other information are applied to analyze the development of eroded gully and loess collapse on the southern and northern edges of the tableland. The development conditions, spatial differences and influence factors for the eroded landform are discussed. Studies show that the river si11（8-30 m high loess cliff） on the southern edge of the tableland is the cave settlement zone, the eroded gully and loess collapse are affected by runoff and the cave zone on the edge with eroded gully presents the development of a small density but large scale on the eastern edge, but vice versa on the western section. On the river sill of the northern margin（30~90 m high loess cliff）, the major develop- ment of the western part is characterized by massive loess collapsing, but the eastern part has small amount and long eroded valleys. The eroded landform development on side-slope of the Wuling tableland is mainly af- fected by geological structure, topographical conditions, new tectonic movement, loess lithology and struc- ture, atmospheric precipitation and irrigation, as well as human activities. It has negative effects on inhabita- tion security, slope erosion, highland heritage conservation and the development and construction of the New Xi＇an--Xianyang Developing District. Academia and relevant government departments should pay attention to the treatment and prevention of geological disasters on side-slope of the Wuling tableland.