库尔勒香梨着果部位叶面积与果实品质关系研究

Study on the Relationship between the Leaf Area in the Fruit Setting Position and the Fruit Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear

【目的】探讨库尔勒香梨叶片营养面积与果实品质关系,为树体冠层管理提供理论依据。【方法】在树冠光照条件相近部位,统计着果部位的果实数量、副梢长度、叶片数、叶面积,测定叶片叶绿素含量和光合特性,并对果实品质进行测定。【结果】果台上结实数相同的情况下,不同部位叶绿素含量差异是:盲台叶>单梢叶>双梢叶,光合特性指标中Pn、Tr、Gs均是单梢上叶片最高,分别为8.09μmol/(m2·s)、7.09μmol/(m2·s)、0.23 mol/(m2·s),双梢叶片最低。单果重是盲台果<单梢果>双梢果,可溶性固形物是盲台果>单梢果>双梢果,总酸及果实硬度呈相反规律;在相同的着果部位,即叶面积一致时,叶片叶绿素含量、叶片光合能力及单果重均随结实数增加而降低;对单副梢、双副梢长度、盲台叶片数与单果重的回归分析得出不同数量果台副梢的最适长度(叶片数)分别为15.5 cm、33.07 cm和11片叶。【结论】着果部位叶面积、着果数量与果实品质均有密切关系,以果台上抽生1个副梢着1个果实,副梢长度15 cm左右,叶片数量9(叶面积362 cm2)对果实生长发育较好。

[ Objective] To explore the relationship between the leaf nutrition area and the fruit quality of the Korla fragrant pear and provide theoretical basis for the tree canopy management. [ Method] In canopy ar- ea of the similar light conditions, such parameters as the numbers of fruit, tip length, leaf numbers, leaf area of fruit setting position were counted, the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were measured, and the fruit quality was determined. [ Result] Under the condition of the same fruiting amount on the fruit site,the difference of the chlorophyll content at different positions was：blind set leaves 〉 single tip leaves 〉 double tip leaves. The indexes of Pn, Tr and Gs of the photosynthesis characteristics were the high- est on single tip leaves. Pn, Tr and Gs were 8.09 ~moL/（m2 ~ s） ,7.09 p.mol/（m2 ＇ s）, 0.23 mol/（m2 ~ s） ,respectively,and the Pn, Tr and Gs of double tip leaves were the lowest. The weight of single fruit was： single tip fruit 〉 blind set fruit 〉 double tip fruit. The content of soluble solids was blind set fruit 〉 single tip fruit 〉 double tip fruit. The content of total acid and fruit hardness were just opposite to the regulation of the soluble solids. Both the chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic capacity of the leaf and weight of single fruit were decreased with the increasing of fruit numbers, which were at the same position of fruit setting, i. e. when the leaf area is consistent. By regression analysis of the single tip length, the double tip length, the blind leaf number and the single fruit weight, the optimum lengths （ leaf numbers） of them were 15.5 cm,33. 07 cm and 11 pieces, respectively. [ Conclusion] There were significant influence of the leaf area and the fruit numbers of fruit setting positions on the fruit quality. The efficient model of fruit site was that one fruit was set on one growing tip and the length of tip is 15 cm, and the number of leaves was 9 （leaves area is 362 cm2）, which was better to fruit growth and development.