山东省7～18岁儿童青少年营养状况与体能相关性分析

Correlation between nutrition status and physical fitness of children and adolescents aged 7～18 years old in Shandong province

目的了解2010年山东省儿童青少年营养状况,分析超重肥胖消瘦与体能发育水平的关系。方法利用2010年山东省学生体质与健康调研的数据,根据体质指数(body mass index,BMI)筛查出体重正常、超重、肥胖及消瘦的儿童青少年;根据腰围(waist circumference,WC)划分出中心型和外周型肥胖。控制性别和年龄的影响,对不同营养状况儿童青少年的生理功能和运动素质指标进行偏相关和协方差分析。结果超重、肥胖和消瘦的检出率分别为14.7%、11.4%、7.9%;中心型肥胖和外周型肥胖分别占肥胖儿童青少年的77.4%、22.6%;控制性别和年龄的影响,BMI和WC与收缩压、舒张压、50m跑用时、耐力跑用时呈正相关(P<0.01),与肺活量指数、握力指数、仰卧起坐、立定跳远呈负相关(P<0.01);不同营养状况体能发育的协方差分析显示,超重、肥胖和消瘦儿童生理功能和运动素质的平均水平均低于BMI正常组;中心型肥胖儿童的生理功能和运动素质水平低于外周型肥胖儿童。结论山东省2010年儿童青少年营养过剩与营养不良问题并存;超重、肥胖和消瘦可导致儿童青少年生理功能和运动素质下降;中心型肥胖对儿童青少年体能发育的影响高于外周型肥胖。

Objective To understand the nutrition status of children in Shandong in 2010,and to analyze the correlation between overweight,obesity,wasting and the level of physical fitness. Methods According to the students constitution and health survey data of Shandong students in 2010, the normal weight, overweight, obesity and wasting children were screened out based on body mass index （BMI）;the central obesity and general obesity were divided based on waist circumference （WC）. Controlled for gender and sex,the correlation between different nutrition status and physiological functions, athletic ability through partial correlation and covariance were analyzed. Results The prevalence of overweight,obesity and wasting were 14.7% ,11.4% and 7.9% ,respectively; central obesity and general obesity were 77.4% and 22.6% respectively in obese children. Controlled for gender and sex,BMI ＆ WC were positively correlated with systolic blood pros sure,diastolic blood pressure,50 meters run time,endurance run time（P〈0. 01）;and were negatively correlated with spiroindex,grip index,sit-ups,standing long jump（P〈0.01）. Covariance analysis showed that the average levels of physiological functions and athletic ability of overweight,obesity and wasting group students had lower levels than the students with nor real BMI,central obesity group students were lower than the general obesity. Conclusions Undernutrition and overnutrition coexisted among the children and adolescences in Shandong in 2010 ;overweight,obesity and wasting can lead to the decline of physiological functions and athletic ability;central obesity have greater influence on physical fitness than general obesity.