玛纳斯河流域平原区土壤螨类群落特征研究

Study on the Community Characteristics of Soil Mites in Plain Area of Manas River Basin,Xinjiang

[目的]了解玛纳斯河流域平原区不同生境土壤螨类群落特征，为开展绿洲土壤环境质量的生物学评价提供理论依据。[方法]采用野外采样和改进的Tullgren法采集螨类，并对不同生境土壤螨类群落特征进行比较分析。[结果]获得土壤螨类共24797只，隶属于4目67科88属，其中尖棱甲螨属、若甲螨属、全盾螨属、嗜粉螨属4属为优势类群，分别占总捕获量的11．49％、12．27％、15．83％和11．53％，而小奥甲螨属、洼甲螨属、三皱甲螨属、上罗甲螨属、礼服甲螨属等13属为常见类群，占总捕获量的37．91％。四奥甲螨属、珠足甲螨属、表殊甲螨属等71属为稀有类群，占总捕获量的10．97％。土壤螨类个体数和类群数在6种不同生境间均存在显著差异，其个体数大小顺序依次为人工林、灌木林、草地、葡萄园、菜地、耕地，类群数大小顺序依次为人工林、灌木林、菜地、草地、葡萄园、耕地。垂直分布表现为螨类主要集中分布于表层土壤，即0～5em土层最多，其次为5～10cm土层，在10cm以下的土层中土壤螨类数量急剧减少，不同土层间的个体数差异极显著。不同生境土壤螨类在不同季节均有显著差异，其个体数大小顺序依次为9月、4月、7月、11月。[结论]玛纳斯河流域平原区不同生境土壤螨类群落结构具有明显的生境和季节变化特征，植被、土壤和人为干扰是影响其群落结构及季节动态变化的主要因素。

[ Objective ] In order to provide a theoretical basis of the characteristics of community structure and seasonal dynamics of soil mites at different habitats in the plain area of Manas River Basin. [ Method] The soil mites were extracted through Tullgren extractor and were identi- fied to the genus level, as well as the community structure, and seasonal dynamics were analyzed. [ Result ] A total of 24 797 soil mites were captured and classified into 4 orders, 67 families, 88 genera, Ceratozetes, Oribatula, Holaspulus and Aleuroglyphus were dominant groups, and accounted for 11.49%, 12.27 %, 15.83 % and 11.53 % of total individuals collected, respectively ; Oppiella, Camisia, Rhysotritia, Epilohm-annia, Trhypochthonius and so on 13 genus were common groups, and accounted for 37.91%, Quadroppia, Belba, Epidamaeus and the other 72 genus were belonged to the rare groups and they were only accounted for 10.97%. There were significant differences in composition and in-dividuals of soil mite communities among the six different habitats in the plain area of Manas river basin, the orders of group number were plan- ted forest 〉 shrubland 〉 grassland 〉 grapery 〉 vegetableland 〉 farmland, and the sequences of individual numbers were planted forest 〉 shrubland 〉 vegetableland 〉 grassland 〉 grapery 〉 farmland. The vertical distribution of the individuals and groups were mainly in the lay- er of 0 - 5 cm in the soil profile, with the increasing depth of soil layers, the number of individuals and groups of soil mites were decreased gradually . There were a significant differences within seasonal variation in the composition and individuals of soil mites community, and the se- quences of seasonal change of individual numbers of soil mites were September 〉 April 〉 July 〉 November. [ Conclusion] The characteris- tics of the community structure and seasonal dynamics of the studies sites were obviously different with each other and which due to the impact of change in vegetations, soil comtitions as well as anthropogenic disturbances.