肥料种类对优质稻产量、品质及稻米食用安全性的影响

Effects of Fertilizer Variety on Yield,Quality and Diet Safety in Grains of High Quality Rice

以优质稻桂小占为材料,通过田间小区试验的方法,研究了化肥、德隆有机肥、长效控释肥、不施肥空白处理对水稻产量、稻米品质和食用安全性(稻米Hg、As、Cd含量)的影响。结果表明,得隆有机肥和化肥处理的每穗实粒数、结实率显著高于长效控释肥处理,导致其产量显著高于长效控释肥处理。不同肥料种类对稻米品质性状的影响存在显著性差异,其中对稻米食用蒸煮品质影响不大,对加工和外观品质的影响则较明显。在加工品质方面,化肥处理可显著提高精米率,德隆有机肥和化肥处理的整精米率要显著高于长效控释肥。在外观品质方面,3种肥料种类处理均可显著降低稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度。其中,化肥对稻米外观品质的影响最大。施肥会导致稻米中Hg、As、Cd含量的提高,降低卫生品质。其中,3种肥料种类处理稻米Hg含量均显著高于不施肥处理。化肥和长效控释肥处理的As含量以及长效控释肥处理的Cd含量显著高于不施肥处理。在此试验条件下,施用化肥和德隆有机肥有利于优质稻获得高产,并将稻米品质提升到较高水平;施用德隆有机肥最有利于稻米获得较高的食用安全性。

With superiority rice Guixiaozhan as material, through field plot experiment, effects of chemical fertilizer, Delong organic fertilizer, long-term controlled release fertilizer, and blank control on rice yield, rice quality and diet safety（ Hg, As, Cd content） were studied. The re- suits showed that the filled grain number per panicle and seed setting rate of Delong organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatment are signifi- cantly higher than long-term controlled release fertilizer, so as to result in higher yields than that of the long-term controlled release fertilizer. There existed significant differences in rice quality traits among the different fertilizer treatments. Among them, fertilizer treatments had little effect on the rice cooking and eating quality, but showed an obvious effect on the processing and appearance qualities. In terms of the processing quality, the chemical fertilizer application treatment could significantly enhance the milled rice yield, and the head rice yields of the Delong or- ganic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments are significantly higher than the long-term controlled release fertilizer. On the aspect of the ap- pearance quality, all of the treatments could significantly decrease the chalky grains percentage and chalkiness percentage of rice, and the chemi- cal fertilizer treatment had the largest effect on the rice appearance quality. Fertilization may lead to the increase in Hg, As, Cd content in rice, and lower the quality of health. In terms of Hg content in brown rice, three fertilizer treatments all were significantly higher than that of the blank control treatment. The As content in brown rice of the long-term controlled release fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments and the Cd treat- ment in brown rice of the long-term controlled release fertilizer were significantly higher than that of the blank control fertilizer treatment. Under this experiment condition, the Delong organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments were beneficial to increase the rice yield, and improve the rice quality to a higher level. The Delong organic fertilizer was the most conductive treatment to gain higher edible safety of rice.