中国的能源安全问题及相关对策

APPROACHES TO CHINA'S ENERGY SECURITY

广义的能源安全包括能源供给和满足经济社会发展需要的能力、能源消费结构、能源消费带来的环境问题、能源贸易安全等。从上述4个方面着手,采用纵横向交叉论证的方式对与之相关的15项分类指标进行了论述。结果表明,中国在2040年之前可保持75%以上的能源自给率,有足够长的时间对宏观能源战略作出调整;中国的能源消费结构中煤炭占比过高,由此带来的环境问题突出,特别是在温室气体排放和空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5μm的颗粒物排放上形势严峻;中国在能源净进口的长期支付能力上不存在问题;中国对中东能源的依赖程度较大,要密切关注中东局势、特别是伊朗局势的发展,同时,要向能源进口更加多元化的方向努力。

The broad meaning of energy security refers to the capability in energy supply for economy and society, energy consumption structure, environmental issues that come after energy consumption and energy trade security. This paper, from 15 indexes which are related to the four aspects above, studies China＇s energy security. China can keep a self-supply rate of over than 75% before 2040, which gives enough time to adjust the macroscopic energy strategy. Coal holds a higher proportion in China＇s energy consumption structure, leading to severe environmental issues, especially the emission of greenhouse gas and PM2.5 particle. China has a capacity in paying the net import of energy for a long term. China＇s energy imports are mostly from the Middle East, so China shall pay attention to the situation of the Middle East such as Iran, and diversify the imports of energy.