论苏共晚期新闻自由化的特征与实质

On Feature and Essence of Journalism Liberalization at the Late Time of Soviet Union Communists

学界一般把戈尔巴乔夫执掌苏共时期看作是苏共晚期。戈氏从1985年成为苏共中央总书记开始,立志要通过改革,使苏联消除积弊,走向健康振兴之路。为了消除改革阻力,他提出"公开性"与"舆论多元化"原则,为大众传媒松绑解禁,试图通过新闻自由化手段,促成百家争鸣的社会民主形态,推进苏联的政治和经济改革进程。事实证明,戈氏的一系列设想脱离了苏联国情,最后导致苏共亡党,苏联解体。重新认识苏共晚期新闻自由化的内涵、特征与实质,不仅具有学术价值,也有警示意义。

Academic circle always regards the time when Gorbachev was in power as the late time of Soviet Union communists.Since the beginning of 1985 when Gorbachev became General Secretary of Soviet Union communists, he was willing to use reformto make Soviet Union wipe out accumulated malpractices to revitalize healthy development of Soviet Union. In order to eliminatethe obstructions of the reform, he proposed the principle of “Publicity” and “Diversification of Public Opinions” in order to easethe restriction on massive media, he tried to use journalism liberalization method to create social democratic state with the conten-tion of many schools of thought so as to push forward the reform process of politics and economy of Soviet Union communists. How-ever, the facts prove that a series of thoughts of Gorbachev deviated from the practical situation of Soviet Union and finally resul-ted in the extinction of Soviet Union communists and the disassembly of Soviet Union. Re-understanding of the connotation, fea-ture and essence of journalism liberalization at the late time of Soviet Union communists not only has academic value and but alsohas early-warning significance.