往复于其“实”所是与其“欲”所是——论《送冰人来了》中自由价值下的身份破裂

Reciprocation between One's Actuality and Desire——The Identity Rupture in the Value System of Freedom in The Iceman Cometh

奥尼尔的经典之作《送冰人来了》是一部阐释价值体系更迭中个人身份破裂的悲剧。剧中,美国梦破灭的酒徒们被物化隔离,正不可逆转地滑向荒诞虚无的深渊。他们试图超越、割裂传统,走向荒诞带来的阵痛,却在其实所是与其欲所是的错位中破裂了身份。一方面,面对不堪的其实所是,他们狂饮作乐,长梦不醒,勾勒出一个美好的其欲所是,以白日梦自欺的维护着主客体自我的省识与统一,社会身份因而趋向破裂;另一方面,他们通过废弃上帝解除了枷锁和负罪感,追逐绝对的自由却被自由所奴役,在这一悖论中,他们丧失了信仰,宗教身份走向破裂。剧末,狂欢的酒徒实现了对痛苦的抗拒。拒绝痛苦即接受荒诞,在非理性的狂欢中,酒徒们的个人身份完全破裂。

Eugene O’Neill’s masterpiece, The Iceman Cometh, is a tragedy on the personal identity rupture in the alternationof value systems. Having been materialized and isolated, the drunkards whose American dreams have shattered are sliding into theabyss of nothingness and absurdness irreversibly. They try to transcend the pain brought by the breaking from the traditional valuesand sliding into the absurd, but their personal identities rupture in the dislocation of their actuality and desire. On the one hand,facing unwillingly what they actually are, they sketched out a good image they desire in the pipe-dream, and maintain the harmo-ny between objective and subjective self by self-deception, thus, their social identities are inclined to rupture. On the other hand,they abandon the fetters and guilty by removing the God, they pursue absolute freedom but they are enslaved by the freedom, thus,in the paradox, they lose their belief, their religious identities are going to rupture. At the end of the play, the revelers realized theirrefusal to the pain, they refuse the pain but accept the absurdity, in the irrational binge, their identities completely rupture.