明代辽王的荆州崇道活动及其政治命运1

The Advocating of Daoist Religion in Jingzhou and the Political Fortunes of the Rulers of Liao in the Ming Dynasty

明代辽王在荆州的崇道活动与其政治命运密切相关。辽藩在经历了从受宠到被猜忌的过程中,与道教结下了极深的渊源。道教帮助第一代辽王逃离了政治压迫,但也恰恰是道教致使末代辽王覆灭,成了儒家精英对抗明世宗宗教信仰的政治牺牲品。末代辽王朱宪以其天资卓异,谙熟玄理,于佞道之世宗时深受宠幸;世宗晏驾,登基之穆宗一反前朝亲近道教之举,对因奉道而宠之人加以打击,朱宪即由此劫而遭废黜。废辽事件虽与朱宪本人恣行放纵的个性有关,但对其治罪却是一起政治迫害。辽藩之政敌借儒生官民对明世宗奉道的仇视,进而栽赃陷害宪,罗织罪名,甚至诬陷其谋反,宪遂成儒家精英对抗明世宗宗教信仰的政治牺牲品。与此同时,辽藩的崇道活动对其封地荆州的道教传统也有着不可磨灭的影响。

This paper discusses the advocating of Daoist religion and the fortunes of the rulers of Liao state in the Ming Dynasty. Daoist religion played a key role when the rulers of Liao was favored and then suspected by the emperors. While Daoism helped the first ruler of Liao survive from a political risk,it was also one of the elements which led to the destruction of the last ruler of Liao named by ZHU Xian-jie. Because of his advocating of Daoism,ZHU was favored by Emperor Jiajing but was deprived of the title and attacked by Emperor Longqing. Although the collapse of Liao was related to ZHU's self-indulgent personality,it was also a result of political persecution. The political rival of ZHU took the advantage of Confucians' hatred of Emperor Jiajing's following the Daoist doctrines,framed up ZHU and made a false charge of his conspiracy against the empire. However,ZHU's advocating had an indelible impact on the Daoism in his feod Jingzhou.