伦敦奥运会后摔跤竞赛规则的修改对摔跤项目技战术影响的研究

Influence of Competition Rule Change on Technique and Tactic of Wrestling After London Olympic Games

2013年国际业余摔跤联合会对摔跤竞赛规则进行了较大的修改与调整,以提高摔跤比赛的观赏性和转播收视率。通过文献资料法、实地观察法、数理统计法、比较分析法、专家访谈法等研究方法,对2011年、2012年、2013年世界摔跤青年锦标赛、2012年伦敦奥运会摔跤比赛、2013年世界摔跤锦标赛进行研究分析,统计、归纳新旧竞赛规则的变化以及对技战术产生的影响。结论表明:竞赛规则针对获胜方式、时间与局数、消极与警告的判罚、技术分值等方面进行了较大的修改;以技术优势作为获胜方式的比例明显增加;高分值技术动作比例及平均每分钟获得技术分明显得到提高;每局比赛时间增加以及加大对运动员消极行为的严厉判罚,运动员必须要具有持续、高强度对抗的体能储备;规则修改的技术导向性明确,改变了男子古典式摔跤以跪撑角斗决定胜负的局面,提高了站立角斗的激烈程度与得分比例;男子和女子自由式摔跤中针对消极行为设定的强制进攻时间,要求运动员具备站立强攻得分的技战术手段与能力。

International Amateur Wrestling Federation made a big change and adjustment in competition rule for the purpose of improving spectacle of match and audience ratings in 2013. Based on statistics of 2011, 2012, 2013 World Wrestling Youth Championships, 2012 London Olympic wrestling tournament, 2013 World Wrestling Championships, this paper analyzed competition rule change and its ilffluence on technique and tactic by the meth- ods of literature review, practice observation, mathenlatical statistics, comparative analysis and expert interview. Conclusions： The main changes happened in win way-, time and round, negative and warning penalty-, technical score, etc. The proportion of technical superiority- as win way- is significantly increased, so as to high score technical movement and technical points per minute. At the same time, time of each round becomes longer and punishment for athlete passive play- behavior becomes harsher, which changes forced athletes to have high physical fitness reserve for persistent and high strength colffrontation. Meanwhile, rule change has a clear technique orientation. The contest of men＇s Greco-Roman wrestling decided by ground struggling has changed, and the intensity and score proportion of standing wrestle has increased. Countering passive play- behavior in free style wrestling, the new rule designed a forced offense time that forced athletes to have standing storm score technique, tactic and capability.