论来知德易学中的理气之辨

Lai Zhide's Clarification of the Relationship between li and qi

明代易学家、理学家来知德对易学视域中的理气关系做了论述,提出了独到见解。他认为太极是天地万物至极之理,统摄阴阳之气,并用错、综、爻变、中爻之说解释阴阳变动关系,以此符示阴阳流行的气化世界。他的理气之辨克服了罗钦顺、王廷相一味追求理气不可分离而抛弃本体之理形上超越性的弊病,从本体论和宇宙论两个层面论说理气关系,既强调理的形上超越性,又在实然层面上肯定理气相即不离,在一定程度上是对朱熹思想原旨的回归,并与明代中后期的学术转向相应和。

The Ming dynasty Confucian and expert in the Changes Lai Zhide （1525-1604） had discussions and accounts on the rela-tionship between li （lit., Principle） and qi （material force）, by which he set forth his unique insights. He views the Taiji （SupremeUltimate） as the ultimate principle for the myriad things which governs the qi of yin and yang, the interaction between these two forcesis manifested in terms of cuogua （interchanging hexagrams）, zonggua （inverse hexagrams）, yaobian （changing of line into its oppo-site）, and zhongyao （central line） so as to symbolize the world with the displacement by opposition and flow through phases of the twoforces. His idea about the relationship between li and qi gets rid of the malady dwelling in Luo Qinshun （1465-1547） and Wang Ting-xiang’s （1474-1544） obstinate adherence to the inseparability of li and qi which abandons the metaphysical transcendence of the on-tological li. Lai Zhide explicated the relationship between li and qi from both