科层制嵌套结构:农田小水利制度层次关系解析——基于广西的案例

Nestedness Structure on Hierarchy:Analysis on Relationship between Levels of Small-scale Rural Irrigation Systems

农田小水利制度是由宪政、集体治理和操作制度三个制度层次构成的制度体系。宪政制度构建了一个以国务院和县级以上地方人民代表大会与人民政府为核心的科层管理制度;集体治理制度是由农民用水户协会制度、村社管理制度和市场制度等多元制度构成的;操作制度是由具体灌溉系统的水资源分配、融资、管护、监督、仲裁和制裁等具体管理机制构成的。农田小水利制度是这三个制度层次有机嵌套而成的制度结构,并在长期的演进中形成了以科层制为核心、多层制度嵌入的"科层制嵌套结构"。

Small-scale rural irrigation system is an institutional system made up of constitutional system, collec-tive management system, and operation system. The constitutional system forms a bureaucratic hierarchy manage-ment system that consists of the State Council, and the local governments and people＇s congresses at and abovethe county level. The collective management system is composed of multi-systems： WUA system, village manage-ment system, and market system. The operation system comprises a series of management bodies： water re-sources allocation, financing, supervising, arbitration, sanctions, etc. The three institutional levels form “Nest-edness Structure on Hierarchy冶in the long-term development.