贸易开放促进中国女性发展了吗?——基于中国省级面板数据的GMM分析

Trade Openness Promotes Development of Chinese Women:Based on Analysis of Chinese Provincial Panel Data by GMM

现有理论告诉我们贸易开放会使国家整体受益,但是对于特定群体,对女性是否有益处呢?在回顾国内外相关研究的基础上,构建贸易开放对我国女性发展影响的理论框架,采用我国加入WTO以来12年31个省(市)的面板数据,运用GMM分析方法建立模型验证相关假说。研究发现:(1)贸易开放整体上有利于我国女性发展;(2)贸易开放提高了我国女性的劳动力参与率,增加了我国女性在第一、二产业部门的就业比重;但分区域来看贸易开放对东中部地区的女性劳动力参与率的影响大于西部地区;(3)贸易开放促进了我国女性人力资本水平的提高,但提高的程度低于男性,两性间人力资本差距有扩大的趋势。

We all know the country as a whole can benefit from the trade openness, but for specific groups, suchas women, is it good？ Based on the review of related research at home and abroad, this paper builds theoreticalframework on the trade openness impacting on the development of Chinese women by GMM, using panel data of31 provinces of 12 years since the accession to the WTO in China,to establish a model validating related hypothe-sis. The study found that： （1） The trade openness is advantageous to the development of Chinese women on thewhole. （2） Owning to the trade openness, woman labor participation rate has been improved, with the propor-tion of women enlarged in employment in the first and second industry sectors. But the impact of trade opennesson the female labor force participation rate in the east and central region is greater than in the western China. （3）The trade openness promotes the improvement of female human capital, however, less than that of male capital：the gap of human capital between men and women has a tendency to expand.