论条约的“善意”解释——《维也纳条约法公约》第31.1条“善意”的实证研究

On the Treaty Interpretation in “Good Faith”——An Empirical Research on“Good Faith”in Art. 31.1 of VCLT

善意履行条约必须以善意解释条约为前提。作为条约解释诸要素的灵魂,"善意"在个案中通过对诸解释要素和方法的指导、限制、评价、平衡和调节来得以实现、转化。善意原则适用于条约解释的全过程,包括对约文、上下文、嗣后惯例等审查,而不是仅适用于对条约特定词语或短语的解释。善意原则既是《维也纳条约法公约》条约解释要素体系的有机组成部分,可作为一般法律原则和国际法原则,又具有对其他解释要素的适用结果的评价和调节功能。善意的含义高度抽象,且内容难以穷尽,在条约解释中存在限制与局限性。

Fulfilling the treaty kindly must be on the premise of interpreting a treaty in good faith. As the soul of all key elements for treaty interpretation, good faith is to be realized and transformed through the guidance, restriction, evaluation, balance and adjustment of the interpretation elements and methods. Good faith principle applies to the whole process of treaty interpretation, including the review of the text, context and subsequent practice, etc. Good faith （principle） is an essential ingredient of element system in VCLT, and as a general legal principle and principle of international law, it has the evaluating and regulating function of the results of applying other elements. Nevertheless, Good faith has its own restrictions and limitations.