美国文化外交思想及“文化力”的运作——从国际访问者项目审视“非政治化”策略

Cultural Diplomatic Thoughts of the USA and the Operation of Cultural Power——On the Non-political Strategy from LVLP

有70余年历史的国际访问者项目,伴随着美国文化外交的发展,见证了美国文化外交模式的确立和文化外交目标在不同历史时期的调整,彰显文化外交浓厚的政治属性。尽管非政府组织积极参与国际访问者项目的具体实施,淡化了政府干预文化事务的色彩,削弱了"政治宣传"的负面作用,以"非政治化"策略提高了文化外交效率,但国际访问者项目仍不失为美国政府文化外交目标和策略的缩影,其文化渗透的作用不可小觑。

Having a history of over seventy years,International Visitor Leadership Program （IVLP）witnes-ses the development of American cultural diplomacy and the adjustment of its goals in various historical pe-riods.While reflecting its long-term expectation of liberalism orientation,IVLP also concerns the realistic goals of U.S.foreign policy which is under the influence of realistic international relation theory.In this sense,IVLP is political.IVLP use of non-governmental organizations in implementing the program weak-ens the involvement of government in cultural affairs and reduces the negative aspects of political propagan-da.The non-political strategy raises the efficiency of IVLP.IVLP is American diplomacy in miniature.