列维纳斯的主体性反思

A Study of Levinas' Subjectivity Rethinking

主体性是西方哲学研究的主题,主体性哲学的发展经历了从主体实体化到主体性反思的历程。在主体性反思的阶段,休谟、康德以及法国的结构主义者都进行了有益的探索,而列维纳斯从存在论角度阐释的主体性反思往往被忽略。列维纳斯运用存在、时间等概念阐释了存在只能置放于主体意识的瞬间,在瞬间中获得肯定性的真正存在。然而这种通过意识置放的存在也陷入了绝对化的形而上学,因为主体、存在、瞬间的结合建构了自身指涉的同一性,限制了主体、存在外在化的可能,因此列维纳斯通过存在论层面的主体性反思揭示出了主体性存在论的局限性,提出要走向他者。

Subjectivity is the subject of study in modern western philosophy, the development philosophy of which has a history fromthe substantiations of the subject to subjectivity rethinking. In the stage of subjective rethinking, Hume, Kant and scholars ofstructuralism in France have carried out beneficial exploration. Levinas who studied the substantiations of the subject from theontological perspective is often ignored. Levinas used concepts such as existence and time to illustrate that the existence can only beplaced on the subject consciousness in the instant to get a positive real existence in the instant. However, the existence placed into con-sciousness leads to absolute metaphysics because subject, existence and the instant constructed identity that refer to itself and limitedthe possibility of externalization of the subject and existence, so Levinas revealed limitations of subjective ontology by rethinkingsubjectivity and put forward to others.