想象与事实之间：调查研究中的文化障碍

Imagination and Reality: the Cultural Barrier During Survey

建立在逻辑实证基础上的调查研究,其有效性来源之一在于研究预设(议题设置、研究假设的提出和问卷及问题的设置)的有效性,而研究的主客体之间、不同的被研究者之间可能存在的文化差异性或文化特殊性,有可能消解这种预设的有效性。同时,文化差异也有可能导致被调查者对基于研究预设而形成的作为经验资料收集工具的"符码"系统(问卷及其中的问题)被解读的非标准化,进而影响到调查研究的有效性。克服文化差异这一客观障碍对调查研究的影响,可能的路径则在于让研究预设尽可能地接近被研究者的经验事实,而不是用研究者的预备想象来代替可能的经验事实。

Survey research is based on logical positivism , and one of its validity sources comes from ap-propriate presupposing of research , which included agenda setting , research hypotheses , and questionnaire de-signs.However, the cultural difference between the researcher and his/her interviewees will probably hamper the validity of such presupposition .Besides , the possible cultural difference may cause interviewees′misun-derstanding about the “code system”（ questionnaire and the questions in the questionnaire ） which originates from the presupposing of research and is used as a tool for data collecting .To overcome the adverse effects of cultural difference , it is important to make sure that the presupposing is based on the reality of interviewees ’ lives, rather than on researcher’s imagination.