对我国第三人撤销之诉的反思

Reflections on the Appeal of Revocation by the Third Party in China

第三人利益的保护是各国民事诉讼普遍关注的内容。考察相关国家的类似制度我们发现,我国2012年修改的民事诉讼法增设的第三人撤销之诉存在着体例安排不合理、主体适用范围受限及与案外人申请再审制度并存设计不合理等问题。而较理想的设计是将第三人撤销之诉置于再审程序之后,以突出其特殊救济的功能;对第三人应作广义的理解,即案外第三人;鉴于案外人申请再审与第三人撤销之诉存在着功能上的重复,故保留第三人撤销之诉即可。

The protection of the interests of the third party is a widespread concern of every country’s civil litigation system.Researching the similar systems of related countries,we find the civil procedure law amended in 2012 and the third party opposition proceeding added,but the proceeding has contained certain problems,in-cluding unreasonable system arrangement,the limited applicable scope,and the unreasonable coordination with application for rehearing by a person other than those involved in the case.The ideal design is that in order to highlight the special relief function,the third party opposition proceeding should be placed behind the retrial procedure;the third party should be understood in a broad sense;namely,a person other than those involved in the case;the application for rehearing by a person other than those involved in the case and the third party op-position proceeding has the function of duplication so as to keep the third party opposition proceeding.