转基因主粮商业化对现行法律的挑战与对策分析

Challenges of Commercialization of Genetically Modified Staple Foods to Current Laws and Suggestions

转基因主粮的商业化是涉及国计民生的重大问题,舆论上对其是否商业化争论不休,少有研究涉及当前法律在商业化情形下存在的巨大不足。现行的转基因法律、法规和规章在法律理念、法律制度、法律程序和法律救济方面等存在诸多问题。转基因作为生产过程,在区分困难的客观特性和主粮问题上根本利益的严重冲突导致转基因立法的举步维艰。转基因主粮商业化决策之前,必须先进行法律的整体更新和完善,包括转变立法理念,确定法律原则,通过专门立法、革新法律制度,完善信息公开、增加公众参与,加重违法成本、明确侵权责任等。总之,我国目前现尚不具备转基因主粮商业化的法律环境,贸然推行商业化,将带来严重危害后果。

The commercialization of genetically modified （GM）staple foods is a critical issue concerning the national economy and people’s livelihood.Today debates are focusing on whether or not to commercialize GMsta-ple foods,and seldom on the huge drawbacks of current law facing with commercialization.After a comprehen-sively analysis current rules on GM crops and foods,huge drawbacks are found in ideas,measures,procedures and remedies in legal system.Reasons for legislation dilemma are due to GMprocess,hard to distinction between GMand non GMproducts,also huge interests’conflicts exist in staple food.Before pushing commercialization of GMstaple foods,legislation must change,including guiding ideas and principles being modified,special law and new measures being regulated,with more information transparency and public engagement,increasing punishment and identifying the tort liability etc.In conclusion,current laws are not sufficient for the commercialization of GM staple foods.If decisions are rashly made,huge and irreversible damage may result.