滨海地区不同耕作方式对土壤水分及夏玉米生长发育的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Moisture and Growth and Development of Summer Maize in Coastal Area

针对河北省滨海地区夏玉米地土壤耕层变浅、病虫草害严重的问题,以当地习惯的耕作方式免耕为对照,设置深翻30cm后旋耕(T1)、深松40 cm后旋耕(T2)、旋耕(T3)3种耕作方式,分析各处理对土壤水分及夏玉米生长发育的影响。研究结果表明,T1或T2处理均提高了土壤耕层含水量,其中以深松40 cm后旋耕保墒效果最佳;T1或T2处理均增大了玉米叶面积指数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒质量和产量,降低了空秆率,其中以播前深松40 cm后旋耕效果最佳。本研究选用的3种耕作措施中,播前先深松40cm再翻耕的耕作方式最适宜该地区。

The soil characters of Hebei Province in coastal area are that the top layer becomes shallow, and the diseases and insect pests and weeds are serious problems. According to the characters, 3 kinds of tillage managements were designed to study the effects of different tillage managements on soil moisture and development of summer maize. CK was the tillage, the others were deep plowing 30 cm after rotary （T1）, sub-soiling 40 cm after rotary （T2） and rotary （T3）. The results showed that T1 or T2 treatments could improve soil topsoil moisture, and T2 keeping moisture effect was the best. T1 and T2 treatments increased maize leaf area index, grain numbers per spike, spike length, TKW （thousand kemel weight） and grain yield, reduced the rate of empty stalk, the effect of T2 was better than that of T1. The sub-soiling 40 em after rotary was the best tillage managements.