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双功能抗体药物研究进展 被引量:2

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摘要 抗体类药物近20年来蓬勃发展,目前全球上市的抗体药物已经有40多个品种,其治疗领域也从传统的癌症、自身免疫性疾病逐步扩展到抗感染和代谢性疾病等。2013年全球10大畅销药物中有6个是抗体类药物,包括3个自身免疫病治疗性药物和3个抗肿瘤抗体。单克隆抗体发展的同时也开启了对新结构、新功能抗体药物的探索,以期进一步优化抗体药物功能活性。抗体糖基化改造(afucosylation)、抗体-药物偶联(antibody drug conjugate, ADC)、双功能抗体(bispecific antibodies,BsAb)等都是当前抗体药物研发的热点领域。单克隆抗体能够特异性结合靶抗原上特定的表位,其优势在于亲和力高、专一性强。但传统抗体仅结合单一靶点的单一表位,因此其疗效受到一定限制。药理学研究揭示,多数复杂疾病都涉及多种与疾病相关的信号通路,例如肿瘤坏死因子 TNF、白介素6等多种促炎症细胞因子同时介导免疫炎性疾病,而肿瘤细胞的增殖往往是由多个生长因子受体的异常上调造成的。单一信号通路的阻断通常疗效有限,而且容易形成耐药性。因此,开发能够同时结合两个不同靶点的双功能抗体及其类似物,长期以来成为新结构抗体研发的重要领域。早期在免疫原性、结构稳定性以及抗体质量控制等方面的不足,限制了双功能抗体的进一步的发展。近年来,上游基因工程抗体和下游生产工艺技术的改进,克服了传统双功能抗体的缺陷,从而推动了多类新型双功能抗体进入临床开发阶段。目前主要在研的双功能抗体从作用机制上可分为双重信号阻断型和抗CD3+T 细胞介导的双功能抗体;从结构上可分为由单链抗体或 Fab 区组成的小型抗体和全抗体;从生产工艺上可分为原核或真核表达、单细胞内表达和双细胞系表达结合体外装配等方式。本文就双功能抗体的最新进展进行简要综述。
出处 《中国医药生物技术》 2014年第4期291-293,共3页 Chinese Medicinal Biotechnology
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参考文献12

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同被引文献45

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