大空间仓库堆垛特性对水炮雾状射流灭火性能影响的实验研究

Influence of stacking in a huge warehouse on the fire control performance of vaporific spray from a water cannon

大空间堆垛储物仓库的消防安全日益引起重视,自动消防炮灭火系统已广泛应用其中。堆垛物遮挡和柱状射流特性对水炮灭火有影响,雾状射流由于覆盖区域增大可提高灭火效率,堆垛特性可能会影响雾状射流灭火效果,目前缺乏相关研究。通过预喷水、布水和灭火实验研究大空间仓库堆垛特性对水炮雾状射流喷水强度分布和灭火性能的影响。结果表明:该文所研究自动消防炮(安装高度8m,雾化角度90°)在5m至15m射程间,能够有效扑灭或控制大空间仓库火灾;喷水强度和有效保护面积随射程的增大而减小,仓库危险级Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级储物高度为3.0m-3.5m时有效保护面积在5m射程处分别为27.5m2和25.5m2;堆垛高度一定时存在最小堆垛间距,小于此值时火灾将不能被扑灭或控制。

With the increasing attention on fire safety of huge warehouses with stacking storages, automatic water canon system, a feasible solution, has been widely employed. The effectiveness of columnar water jet can be influenced by its own characteristics and also the obstacle effect of the stacking storage. Vaporific spray could improve the extinguishing efficiency because of its larger influential area. However, few researches have focused on the influence of the stacking storage on the vaporific spray efficiency. By conducting pre-spraying tests, water distribution tests and fire extinguishing tests, the effect of stacking storage on the spraying intensity distribution and fire control capacity of vaporific spray was investigated. The results illustrate that the warehouse fire could be effectively controlled or extinguished within the effective range （5m-15m） of the water cannon fixed at the altitude of 8 meters and with a atomization angle of 90 degrees. The effective area and the spray intensity both decrease as the distance increases. Under the circumstances of warehouses feature hazard level l and II, the effective areas were 27.5 m2 and 25.5 m2 respectively at the range of 5 meters, with the stacking height from 3.0 meters to 3. 5 meters. There is a minimum separation distance between the stacks when the stacking height is fixed. The fire could not be put out when the separation distance is smaller than this minimum value.