苦瓜对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用及其活性成分研究进展

Research progress on the active composition and mechanism for anti-tumor effects of Momordica charantia L.

苦瓜是药食两用的特色蔬菜,具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗病毒、抑菌等多种生物活性。综述了苦瓜不同组织部位溶剂提取物对消化、呼吸等生理系统中主要肿瘤细胞的抑制活性,归纳其抗肿瘤作用的主要机制,包括抑制肿瘤细胞生长增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抗肿瘤细胞转移、破坏肿瘤细胞能量平衡,耐药逆转作用等;梳理了目前从苦瓜中分离鉴定的具有抑制肿瘤细胞活性的主要化学物质,包括三萜类化合物、苦瓜素、核糖体失活蛋白(RIPs)、亚麻酸、核糖核酸酶和血凝集素等;此外,总结了过量食用苦瓜存在的安全风险及相应的改进修饰手段,提出了今后研究苦瓜抗肿瘤作用需要关注的主要问题。

Momordica charantia L. as a medicinal and edible plant, has many pharmacological activities such as antitumor, hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemics, antioxidation, antibacterial and so on. This paper reviews the anti-tumor effects of different solvent extracts from M. charantia on the digestive, respiratong and other other physiologieal systems. The main mechamism of the anti-tumor effeets is inducing apoptosis, preventing cell metastasis, affecting energy homeostasis, reversing effect of multidrug resistance, etc. Additionally, we sum up the main chemical substances of anti-tumor including triterpenoids, ribosome inactivating proteins （RIPs）, linolenic acid, ribonucleaseand hemagglutinin etc. Meanwhile, the paper also summarizes the security risks of excessive consumption of M. charantia and the corresponding modification, methods, and put the main problems of M. charantia anti-tumor effects which are needed to pay attention in the future.