儿童社区获得性肺炎的病原及诊治新进展

Progress on Etiology,Diagnosis and Treatment of Children' s Community Acquired Pneumonia(CAP)

肺炎是儿童的常见病与多发病,也是危及儿童生命的重要疾病.社区获得性肺炎（CAP）是相对于院内获得性肺炎而言,CAP占我国儿科住院患儿的30％～40％,是一种动态性疾病,不同病原感染,引起临床病理变化各异,轻型可以门诊治愈,重型危及生命.近年来,病情严重及迁延性病例不少见,一方面是由于儿童自身特点,易引起肺不张、肺脓肿、胸腔积液等并发症;另一方面由于不同病原体的特点,可引起肺部不可逆的病理损伤,甚至遗留喘息等肺功能损害.

Pneumonia is a common and frequently-occurred disease among children,which severely endangers the children＇s life.Community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） is definedcomparing with the hospital acquired pneumonia （HAP）.Children hospitalized because of CAP account for 30% to 40% of all the pediatric inpatients in China.CAP is a dynamic disease infected by different pathogens and causes different pathological changes and clinical manifestations.Light cases can be cured in outpatient department,while severe cases have life threats.Many severe and persistent cases occurred in clinical practice these years due to the following reasons.On one hand,complications such as pulmonary atelectasis,lung abscess,and pleural effusion,etc,can be easily caused due to the specific characteristics of children＇s respiratory system and immune system.On the other hand,since the pathogens are various,especially the variation of pathogens,it may lead to irreversible pathological pulmonary injmry,even the occurrence of repeated wheeze.