清代我国西南地区的卷田制度与童试资助体系

Fields of Examination and Tongshi Examination Funding System in Southwest China in the Qing Dynasty

清代西南地区的学田体系中存在着专门用于资助参加童试的考生的卷田,这些卷田大多由民间力量自发捐助,以半官方的形式运行,以政府的名义发放给学生,用以免除学生的童试试卷费。对于每个考生来说,资助的费用虽然不多,但是考虑到考生数量庞大,而且在各种资助途径中,卷田是伸向最底层、最稳定,且最具普惠性的资助体系。在卷田制度下,连秀才名分都没有的考生也能得到一定资助,这对于清代西南地区底层社会教育发展及社会稳定具有很大的作用。

The fields of examination in Southwest China in the Qing Dynasty were used exclusively for the examinees participating in Tongshi Examinations. These fields were mostly donated by the folks, and rent to the examinees working in a semi - official way on behalf of the government to exempt the costs of Tongshi Examination. The funding costs were not many for each of the candidates, but the numbers of the candidates were huge. The channels of the fields of examination were most stable and inclusive in various funding approach systems to the grassroots. In the support of the fields of examination, even the people did not get the lowest degree could also get some funding, which was positive for the education development and social stability in Southwest China in the Qing Dynasty.