不同时期水分胁迫对冬小麦产量及形态指标的影响研究

Study on Effects of Water Deficit in Different Periods on Yield and Morphological Index of Winter Wheat

天津市农业水资源严重短缺,为使有限的农业水资源发挥最大的效益,开展非充分灌溉意义重大。作物的水分生产函数是指导非充分灌溉制度制定重要理论依据。Jensen模型对评价作物产量与水分的关系有很好的适用性。为此在试验基地对冬小麦的不同生育期进行单独或连续的水分胁迫,分析得出了各生育期对水的敏感指数:抽穗期>灌浆期>拔节期>返青期>成熟期。抽穗期、灌浆期和拔节期为作物的需水关键期,而返青期及成熟期对水分不太敏感,在水分亏缺的前提下,应该首先保证抽穗期、灌浆期和拔节期的供水,返青期和成熟期适当的水分胁迫不会对产量造成很大的影响。

The promotion of deficit irrigation has a great significance for the maximizing the benefits of the limited water resources in Tianjing city, which is seriously shortage of agricultural water resources. Water production function of crops is an important theoret- ic basis for guiding the development of deficit irrigation system. Jensen model has good applicability in evaluating the relationship between crop yield and water. In this study, the winter wheat in the test base suffered individual or continuous water stress during different growth stages and the Jensen model was used to find the water sensitivity index at each growth stage. The result showed that the ranking from big to small of the water sensitivity indexes at different growth stage was heading stage, filling stage, jointing stage, green stage, and maturity stage. So the heading, filling and jointing stage are the key water requirement periods while the green and maturity stage are less sensitive to water. Under the condition of water deficit, the water for the heading, filling and jointing stage should be ensured firstly, while appropriate water stress on the green stage and maturity stage does not cause a great impact on the yield.