健康信念模式在先心病介入治疗患儿护理中的应用

Effects of nursing interventions guided by the Health Belief Model on quality of life in children receiving interventional treatment for congenital heart disease

目的探讨以健康信念模式(Health Belief Model,HBM)为框架的护理干预对介入治疗先心病患儿生存质量的影响,为临床护理人员实施科学的健康教育提供依据。方法将60例行介入治疗的先心病患儿分为观察组和对照组各30例。对照组予心内科常规健康教育,观察组在此基础上实施以健康信念模式为框架制定的护理干预,主要包括对疾病易感性的认知、对疾病严重性的认知、对采取健康行为的认知、自我效能等方面,并针对存在问题进行相应干预,采用儿童生存质量普适量表对患儿进行测评。结果两组干预后患儿生存质量得分均有提高,但观察组得分更高(P<0.01);两组患儿生存质量总分、情感功能、角色功能得分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论以HBM为框架的护理干预能提高介入治疗先心病患儿的生存质量。

Objective To investigate the effects of nursing interventions guided by the Health Belief Model on quality of life in chil- dren receiving interventional treatment for congenital heart disease, and to provide information for health education. Methods Sixty children receiving interventional treatment for congenital heart disease were randomized in a control group and an observation group, with 30 in each. The control group were given conventional health education, while their counterparts additionally received nursing interventions guided by the HBM：assessing children＇s awareness of disease susceptibility, disease severity, and healthy be- haviors, as well as their self efficacy; and implementing countermeasures. Effect was measured by using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. TM Generic Core Scales Version 4.0. Results The quality of life in both groups were significantly improved after the intervention, and greater improvement was found in the observation group （P^0.01）. The total score and subscale scores of emo- tional functioning and role functioning had significant difference between the two groups（P^0.01 for all）. Conclusion Nursing in- terventions guided by the Health Belief Model could improve quality of life in children receiving interventional treatment for conge- nital heart disease.