澳门城市规划体系的发展历程及特征评述

A REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE URBAN PLANNING SYSTEM OF MACAO

《城市规划法》立法前,澳门城市规划管理依附于建筑管理,缺乏独立的法律地位。以《都市建筑总章程》为规划管理的主要依据,以"街道准线图"为规划控制的主要手段,并通过颁布行政长官批示等方式加强对历史文化城区和其他特定地区的管理。但同时存在规划体系不完善、管理事权界定不清晰、规划监督和申诉机制不健全等问题。2002年后,澳门经济社会发展步伐加快,各方利益述求增多,推动了城市规划立法进程。《城市规划法》立法后,确立了城市规划的法律地位,形成了以总体规划和详细规划为核心的规划体系,明确了城市规划委员会、土地工务运输局等机构的规划事权,确定了城市规划制定和实施的基本流程。此外,基于澳门地少人多、诉求多元的社会特色,澳门《城市规划法》在公众参与、规划实施、规划修改与赔偿等方面做了细致的设计,值得国内城市规划管理借鉴。

Before the enforcement of the Urban Planning Law,the urban planning management of Macao was subordinated to architecture management and lacked legal legitimacy.Based on the General Regulations of Urban Construction,the planning management,with the “Street Alignment” as the primary controlling method on planning,realizes its control over the historic districts and other special zones via promulgating special acts.Problems like defects in planning system,ambiguous responsibility in planning management and absence of planning approval,supervision and appeal procedures also exist.After 2002,the government initiated the legislation of urban planning act under the increasing pressures from the different stakeholders and various social-economic demands.The Urban Planning Law recognizes the legislative position of urban planning,establishes the planning system with master plan and detailed plan as the center,clarifies the power and responsibilities of related departments including the urban planning commission and the land,public works and transportation bureaus in Macao,and forms the fundamental procedures of planning compilation and implementation.In addition,regarding the characteristics of Macao,which is high population density with diversified demands,the Urban Planning Law of Macao lists thorough articles on aspects like public participation,planning implementation,planning modification,compensation,etc.,that could be valuable references to the planning management in China's Mainland.