补泻手法与针刺量的关系研究

Study on the relationship between reinforcing-reducing manipulations and acupuncture quantity

文章从古代文献和现代针刺研究的角度探讨了针刺补泻与针刺量的关系:不应单纯以针刺量的大小来衡量针刺的补泻,刺激量大小与针刺补泻之间没有对应关系。刺激量大,可能为补,可能为泻;刺激量小,亦可能为补,亦可能为泻。同时,最佳刺激量是与患者的年龄、体质及病情等机体状态密切相关。针刺量本身是个相对量,以针刺的基本要素来衡量针刺量的大小,可以使针刺量化研究客观化。但若单纯以针刺量来衡量针刺补泻手法,未免会使针灸失去本来面目。毕竟,针刺量化不能等同于针刺简单化。针刺补泻效应是客观存在的,而且具有相对特异性,而真正的补泻手法是以患者的机体状态(虚损状态还是邪实状态)及针下的感觉(针下沉紧或松滑)为依据,选择合适的经穴(也依据经穴的特异性,补虚时尽量选择具有补虚作用的腧穴,泻邪时尽量选择具有泻邪作用的腧穴),在针刺得气的基础上,运用一定的补虚或泻邪的术式结构来操作的,在施术过程中施以一定的刺激量,如此才能真正做到针刺补泻的目的。

From the aspects of ancient documents and modem research, the paper explored the relationship between reinforcing-reducing manipulations and the acupuncture quantity. The conclusions were that the size of the acupuncture quantity could not be the single measurement of reinforcing-reducing manipulation. There was no corresponding relationship between reinforcing-reducing manipulations and the acupuncture quantity. The large acupuncture quantity might have the effect of reinforcing manipulations, as well reducing manipulations. The small acupuncture quantity might have the effect of reinforcing manipulations, as well reducing manipulations. At the same time, the optimal acupuncture quantity was closely related to body condition such as the age, the constitution of TCM, the state of illness and so on. The acupuncture quantity itself was a relative amount of acupuncture, which was measured by basic elements of acupuncture that contributed to objectifying the process of quantization study on acupuncture. But if the acupuncture quantity was used as the single measurement of reinforcing-reducing manipulation, the acupuncture therapy might lose its tree features. After all, the acupuncture quantity was not equal to the acupuncture simplification. The effect of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing manipulations had the outness, while the relative specificity. What＇s more, the real reinforcing-reducing manipulations was based on the physical status （deficiency status or status of evil domination） and the needle-down feelings of the doctor （heavy and tight or loose and slip）, selected proper acupoints that based on the acupoint specificity and a certain of acupuncture quantity and reinforcing-reducing manipulations after Deqi, which could achieve the purpose of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing.