医疗侵权诉讼之证明责任问题研究

Studies on burden of proof in medical tort litigations

医疗侵权诉讼之证明责任分配历来是理论研究与实务操作领域关注的热点问题。虽然立法规定经历了由"谁主张,谁举证"到"举证责任倒置",再到"附条件过错推定"阶段,立法者也试图在医患双方之证明负担之间寻求平衡。但是,鉴于医疗纠纷的复杂性,现有规定并不能满足和适应纠纷解决的需要。本文通过实证分析和比较法考察,就如何公平分配医患双方之证明责任以及医疗风险分担问题予以分析和探讨。

The evidence of proof in medical tort lawsuit is always a hot topic for the theoretical research and practice fi elds. Although legislations have experienced three phases, namely from the ＂Who advocates, who proves＂ to the ＂Burden of proof inversion＂, then the ＂Conditional fault presumption＂, and lawmakers also have been trying to fi nd a balanced point between doctors and patients in the burden of proof. However, due to complexity of medical disputes, the current existing provisions can hardly satisfy the needs of dispute resolutions. How to distribute burden of proof and to share medical risks between doctors and patients in a justifi ed way will be mainly analyzed and discussed in this article through empirical analysis and comparative research.