摘要
Guggal, a threatened species that is endemic to western India, is tapped to extract medicinally important oleo-gum-resin （guggul）. However, the plant dies after gum exudation. The indigenous tapping techniques used by local people were examined in Gujarat, India to dis-cover the scientific basis behind these techniques： selection of gum in-ducer, season of tapping, and plant parts to be tapped. First, the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. commiphorae （Xac） in the gum suspen-sion used for tapping was established. This bacterium induces gum ooz-ing from the tapped plants and later, causes them to die off. The popula-tion of Xac in gum was found to decrease with the age of the gum. With that, fresh gum increased the tapping success. Second, local people pre-ferred tapping during the warm season, which we validated by determin-ing that Xac growth was best at 30 ＆#176;C. Tapping during September （mean temperature 25.7-30.0 ＆#176;C） clearly favoured growth of the pathogen and yielded maximum guggul. Multiple tapping on a mature tree ensured maximum gum extraction before its death. Finally, application of in-digenous technology under natural plant stands by the local people en-sured availability of this important raw drug for consumption. Our study established that the age-old traditional methods have a strong scientific basis. However, it is imperative to formulate strategies based on con-temporary scientific understanding to protect this natural resource before it becomes extinct.
Guggal, a threatened species that is endemic to western India, is tapped to extract medicinally important oleo-gum-resin （guggul）. However, the plant dies after gum exudation. The indigenous tapping techniques used by local people were examined in Gujarat, India to dis-cover the scientific basis behind these techniques： selection of gum in-ducer, season of tapping, and plant parts to be tapped. First, the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. commiphorae （Xac） in the gum suspen-sion used for tapping was established. This bacterium induces gum ooz-ing from the tapped plants and later, causes them to die off. The popula-tion of Xac in gum was found to decrease with the age of the gum. With that, fresh gum increased the tapping success. Second, local people pre-ferred tapping during the warm season, which we validated by determin-ing that Xac growth was best at 30 ＆#176;C. Tapping during September （mean temperature 25.7-30.0 ＆#176;C） clearly favoured growth of the pathogen and yielded maximum guggul. Multiple tapping on a mature tree ensured maximum gum extraction before its death. Finally, application of in-digenous technology under natural plant stands by the local people en-sured availability of this important raw drug for consumption. Our study established that the age-old traditional methods have a strong scientific basis. However, it is imperative to formulate strategies based on con-temporary scientific understanding to protect this natural resource before it becomes extinct.
基金
financially supported by the National Medicinal Plants Board,New Delhi
