浙北地区变应性鼻炎患者吸入及食入变应原的研究分析

Analysis of inhaled and food allergen spectrum of patient with allergic rhinitis in north of Zhejiang

目的:调查浙北地区变应性鼻炎患者常见吸入及食入变应原种类分布,并探讨不同年龄患者过敏原分布的差别。方法:对在我科门诊就诊的1 048例疑似变应性鼻炎患者进行吸入及食入皮肤点刺试验,分析浙北地区变应性鼻炎患者食入及吸入变应原谱,并比较不同年龄组主要吸入变应原及食物性变应原的阳性率差异。结果:20种变应原主要以吸入性为主,年龄不同,变应原种类也不同。结论:在1 048例点刺试验中,总阳性率为94.3%,吸入性变应原阳性率为74.4%,食入性变应原的阳性率为28.2%,粉尘螨及户尘螨是浙北地区变应性鼻炎患者的主要吸入变应原,而海虾、海蟹、花生是主要的食入性变应原。儿童与成人主要吸入性变应原的阳性率无明显差异,而食入性变应原的阳性率有明显差异,儿童食物性变应原的阳性率明显高于成人。

ObjectiveTo explore the inhaled and food allergen distribution of patient with allergic rhinitis innorth of Zhejiang and to analyze the difference of allergen distribution among different age groups. Method： Onethousand and forty eight patients in north of Zhejiang diagnosed with allergic rhinitis in our outpatient departmentwere tested with skin prick test （SPT）. The positive rate of inhaled and food allergens were calculated. To analysisthe difference of positive rate between children and adult. Result： Nine hundred and eighty-eight cases （94. 3 %）had the positive reaction. Dermato phagoides farinae and Dermatophagodies pteronyssinus had the highest positiveratio （72.1% ,71.8%） in inhalation group,followed cockroach （14.1%）. In food group, Shrimp and peanuts hadthe highest positive ratio （18. 3 %, 14. 2 %）. Between children group and adults group,, positive rate of food aller-gen was significantly different （P〈0.05）, but of inhaled allergen was not significantly different. Conclusion： Thedistribution of some allergens in children group and adults group was variable. The study shows that Dust mite wasthe mostly responsible common allergen in north of Zhejiang.