湖南南部铅锌矿区铅锌富集植物筛选研究

Study and screening on lead and zinc enrichment plant in south Hunan lead-zinc mine area

在湖南省桂阳县铅锌矿区采用调查和室内分析相结合的方法,采集植物和土壤样品112个,分别测定了土壤和植物样品的铅锌含量,筛选铅锌富集植物。结果表明:矿区土壤铅锌污染十分严重,矿区土壤铅和锌的平均质量分数分别为:2177.22、3 165.89 mg·kg-1。植物样品根系的铅锌质量分数分别为:264.00、666.11 mg·kg-1,地上部铅锌质量分数平均为165.56、363.87mg·kg-1,植物根系的铅锌含量与土壤的铅锌含量呈显著正相关。通过对比分析,以地上部铅质量分数大于450 mg·kg-1、锌质量分数大于750 mg·kg-1、转运系数大于1、植物地上部形态高大为筛选条件,筛选出5种铅富集植物分别是:糯米团(Hyrtanandra)、水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)、酸模(RumexacetosaLinn)、毛叶堇菜(Viola verecumda A.Gray)、地榆(Garden Burnet Root);3种锌富集植物分别是:鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)、博落回(Macleaya cordata(Willd.)R.Brown)和糯米团;糯米团茎叶的铅锌质量分数分别为635.48、919.51 mg·kg-1,可作为铅锌复合污染土壤修复的备选植物品种。

The 112 samples of plant and topsoil of lead-zinc mine in Guiyang ,Hunan Province, China, were investigated to determine which plants are more suitable for phytoremediation for the lead and zinc pollution soil. The results showed that, soil contamination was very serious in Guiyang lead-zinc mine, the average concentrations of Pb, Zn in the soil were 2177.22, 3165.89 mg·kg^-1, the average concentration of Pb, Zn in root plant tissues were 264.00, 666.11 mg·kg^-1, respectively, there was a positive relationship between lead-zinc contents in plant roots tissues and soil.The average concentration of Pb, Zn in above-ground plant tissues were 165.56, 363.87 mg·kg^-1,in addation, there are several plants whose Pb, Zn concentration were more than 450, 750 mg·kg-1 respectively, the Pb, Zn concentration in its overground parts was higher than that in its roots and have higher stemlength. Through the comparative analysis, five plantsHyrtanandra,Polygonum hydropiper,RumexacetosaLinn,Viola verecumda A.Gray, Garden Burnet Rootmight be potential pb hyperaccumulators,Bidens pilosaL,Macleaya cordata R. Brown, Hyrtanandra might be potential Zn hyperaccumulators. The Pb, Zn content in theHyrtanandraabove-ground plant tissues reached 635.48, 919.51 mg·kg-1 respectively, so can be used as alternative plant species to repair compound soil pollution of lead and zinc.