苯扎溴铵对几种淡水水生动物的急性毒性

Acute toxicity of benzalkonium bromide on several hydrocoles in fresh water

采用静水生物毒性试验方法测试了苯扎溴铵对大型溞(Daphnia magna)、团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)幼鱼、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼、田螺(Cipangopaludina cathayensis)、中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)Ⅲ期仔蟹和幼蟹的半致死浓度(LC50)及安全浓度(SC)。结果显示:大型溞的24、48、72、96 h的LC50分别为0.56、0.34、0.19、0.13 mg/L,团头鲂幼鱼的为1.53、1.44、1.38、1.31 mg/L,草鱼幼鱼的为4.59、4.42、4.36、4.23 mg/L,田螺的为15.21、10.52、7.76、5.01 mg/L,Ⅲ期仔蟹的为10.33、6.73、5.41、5.02 mg/L,幼蟹的为17.95、12.42、8.67、6.22 mg/L;SC分别为0.04、0.38、1.23、1.51、0.86、1.78 mg/L。根据SC高低,耐苯扎溴铵毒性能力依次为幼蟹>田螺>草鱼幼鱼>Ⅲ期仔蟹>团头鲂幼鱼>大型溞。苯扎溴铵在防治固着类纤毛虫病泼洒浓度为0.35 mg/L下时,不会对团头鲂幼鱼、草鱼幼鱼、田螺、Ⅲ期仔蟹和幼蟹产生毒性作用,而对大型溞会产生毒性杀死作用,池塘中可通过适量增加投饵量或投放其他饵料以补充减少的大型溞饵料生物数量。

Acute toxic effects of benzalkonium bromide on several common hydrocoles in freshwater aquaculture including Daphnia magna,juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala,juvenile Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Cipangopaludina cathayensis,the third stage larvae Eriocheir sinensis and juvenile E.sinensiswere were studied,and safe concentration（SC）was investigated.The results showed that,the lethal concentration 50（LC50） at 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h on D.magna were0.56 mg/L,0.34 mg/L,0.19 mg/L and 0.13 mg/L,on juvenile M.amblycephala were 1.53 mg/L,1.44 mg/L,1.38 mg/L and1.31 mg/L,on juvenile C.idellus were 4.59 mg/L,4.42 mg/L,4.36 mg/L and 4.23 mg/L,on C.cathayensis were 15.21 mg/L,10.52 mg/L,7.76 mg/L and 5.01 mg/L,on the third stage larvae E.sinensis were 10.33 mg/L,6.73 mg/L,5.41 mg/L and5.02 mg/L,and on juvenile E.sinensis were 17.97 mg/L,12.42 mg/L,8.67 mg/L and 6.22 mg/L,respectively.The SCs were0.04 mg/L,0.38 mg/L,1.23 mg/L,1.51 mg/L,0.86 mg/L and 1.78 mg/L,respectively,indicating the toxic resistance of aquatic animals in the experiment to benzalkonium bromide was juvenile E.sinensis 〉C.cathayensis〉juvenile C.idellus the third stage larvae E.sinensis juvenile〉M.amblycephala〉D.magna.When benzalkonium bromide with 0.35 mg/L used to prevent and control the fixed ciliate disease in fish water aquaculture,it was not toxic to juvenile M.amblycephala,juvenile C.idellus,C.cathayensis,the third stage larvae E.sinensis and juvenile E.sinensis,but was toxic to D.magna which would die.We could appropriately increase the bait or add other baits in the pond to replenish the loss of D.magna.