中国水稻植保机械现状与发展趋势

Current status and future directions of rice plant protection machinery in China

植保作业是水稻生产过程中必不可少的环节,提高水稻植保机械化水平,对降低稻田农药的用量,增强突发性爆发性病虫害防控能力,缓解农村劳动力短缺,实现农业可持续发展具有重要意义。从目前常见的人力施药器械入手,对水稻生产中的小型动力植保机械、大中型动力植保机械和航空植保机械的应用现状及存在问题进行了详细阐述。在分析中国水稻植保机械发展现状的基础上,探讨了现代农业生产中对研究开发用于稻田农药高效精确喷施新方法和新工具的迫切需求,指出未来水稻植保机械主要朝着精准施药和高效施药两个方向发展。最后,从拓宽单次喷施作业的覆盖范围、加强稻田农药喷施作业方法创新和大力推进航空植保技术的应用等方面给出了促进我国水稻植保机械化进一步发展的建议。

Rice plant protection is an essential part of the rice production.In order to achieve sustainable agricultural development and ensure national food and ecological security,there is important significance to improve the utilization of agricultural resources and enhance the control capabilities of the sudden area-wide pest infestation.Based on the review of the current status and existing problems of Rice Plant Protection Machinery（RPPM） in China,including manpower spraying equipment,small power plant protection machinery,large and medium-sized power plant protection machinery,and aviation application,the urgent needs of the new precise and efficient paddy pesticide spraying machinery in modern agricultural production were discussed.And then the future directions of RPPM were pointed out,which included the precision spraying and efficient spraying.Finally,the countermeasures to promote the rapid development of RPPM were put forward,which included broadening the coverage of a single spraying operation,strengthening the method innovation of paddy spraying,and vigorously to promote the application of aviation plant protection.